What are Cluster B personality disorders?

Cluster B personality disorders, as classified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), encompass four distinct conditions: antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders. These disorders are characterized by dramatic, overly emotional, or unpredictable thinking or behavior and interactions with others. Individuals with these disorders often struggle with impulse control and emotional regulation, leading to significant challenges in personal and social functioning.​Health+2Psychology Today+2Medical News Today+2Medical News Today

Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) is marked by a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others. Individuals with ASPD may exhibit deceitfulness, impulsivity, irritability, aggression, and a lack of remorse after harming others. This disorder is more commonly diagnosed in men and is associated with criminal behavior and substance abuse. ​Verywell Mind

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) involves instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions. People with BPD may experience intense episodes of anger, depression, and anxiety that can last from a few hours to days. They often have a fear of abandonment, leading to frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined separation or rejection. ​

Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD) is characterized by a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior. Individuals with HPD may be uncomfortable when they are not the center of attention, may use physical appearance to draw attention to themselves, and may exhibit rapidly shifting and shallow expressions of emotions. ​Verywell Health+2Health+2Verywell Mind+2

Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) involves a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others. Individuals with NPD may have an exaggerated sense of self-importance, believe they are special or unique, and expect others to recognize them as superior. They may exploit interpersonal relationships and be envious of others or believe others are envious of them. ​Medical News Today

While each Cluster B personality disorder has unique features, they share common traits such as emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, and difficulties in interpersonal relationships. Treatment approaches often involve psychotherapy, with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) being particularly effective. In some cases, medication may be prescribed to address specific symptoms or co-occurring conditions. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes and helping individuals lead more stable and fulfilling lives. ​Verywell Mind

Resources

Bodner, E., Cohen-Fridel, S., & Iancu, I. (2011). Staff attitudes toward patients with borderline personality disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 52(5), 548–555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.10.004

Hopkins Medicine. (n.d.). Personality disorders. Johns Hopkins Medicine. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/personality-disorders

Medical News Today. (2023, July 18). Antisocial personality disorder: Symptoms, causes, and treatment. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320508

Medical News Today. (2023, February 10). What to know about narcissistic personality disorder. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9741

Psychology Today. (n.d.). Cluster B. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/cluster-b